Polynemus multifilis（翻译在2楼）

chucacazzz 发表于 2007-8-1 12:05:00

今天在水世界看到了这个老板娘说叫千手观音，很感兴趣，上网查了点东西，可能是这个Polynemus aquilonaris或者Polynemus dubius，中文名不明。要1000多，花地据说开价也要700，还是偶有而已。 上面的几张是转的观赏鱼之家上的下面的是些查到的东东，转自Threadfins of the World一书。   Diagnostic Features: A medium-sized species. Body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 23 to 26% (mean 25%) of standard length; head length 24 to 29% (mean 26%) of standard length. Snout pointed; occipital profile nearly straight. Posterior margin of maxilla extending well beyond level of posterior margin of adipose eyelid; upper-jaw length 10 to 12% (mean 11%) of standard length, approximately equal to caudal-peduncle depth ; depth of posterior margin of maxilla slightly less than eye diameter ; lip on lower jaw well developed, dentary teeth restricted to dorsal surface; teeth villiform in broad bands on vomer, palatines and ectopterygoids. Posterior margin of preopercle serrated. First dorsal fin with VIII spines, all spine bases of similar thickness; second dorsal fin with I spine and 15 to 19 (mode 16) soft rays; anal fin with III spines and 11 to 13 (mode 12) soft rays, anal-fin base less than second dorsal-fin base; pectoral fin with 15 to 17 (mode 16) rays (all rays unbranched), its length 34 to 41% (mean 37%) of standard length, posterior tip just short of or extending slightly beyond level of anal-fin origin; pectoral filaments 7; first pectoral filament shortest, not reaching to level of posterior tip of pelvic fin; second pectoral filament extending slightly beyond or not reaching to level of posterior tip of pelvic fin; third pectoral filament extending beyond (rarely just short of) level of posterior tip of pelvic fin; fourth pectoral filament extending beyond level of anal-fin origin or level of posterior base of anal fin; fifth pectoral filament extending beyond level of posterior tips of caudal-fin lobes; sixth, usually longest, its length 260 to 371% (mean 308%) of standard length, and seventh pectoral filaments longer than other filaments, extending well beyond posterior tips of caudal-fin lobes; caudal fin deeply forked, upper and lower caudal-fin lobes not filamentous, upper caudal-fin lobe 39 to 44% (mean 43%) and lower lobe 33 to 41% (mean 38%) of standard length. Pored lateral-line scales 80 to 86 (mode 81); lateral line simple, extending from upper end of gill opening to mid-distal margin of caudal-fin membrane; scale rows above lateral line 6 to 8 (mode 7), below 13 to 17 (mode 14). Gillrakers 9 to 11 (mode 10) on upper limb, 16 to 18 (mode 17) on lower limb, 25 to 29 (mode 27) total. Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 15 caudal; supraneural bones 2. Swimbladder not apparent or present (varying in size less than about 23% of standard length). Colour: Head and body greyish silver dorsally, silver ventrally; anterior margin of first dorsal fin and posterior margin of second dorsal fin blackish, remaining parts translucent; pectoral fin translucent; base of pectoral filaments white, becoming blackish on posterior tips; base and posterior margin of pelvic fin white, remaining parts translucent; posterior margin of anal fin translucent, remaining parts white; posterior margin of caudal fin translucent, remaining parts white.Geographical Distribution: Currently known from the Chao Phraya River system (Thailand), Mekong River system below the Khone waterfalls of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Cambodia, southernmost of Lao People's Democratic Republic and southern Viet Nam), and Lake Tonle Sap and related rivers (Cambodia) (Fig. 137). Two specimens (NSMT-P 21772, 21776, 133 to 138 mm standard length), collected from the Chao Phraya River at Nakhon Sawan, Thailand, represent the northernmost reliable record of the species.Polynemus aquilonaris is currently known from Indochina, whereas a related species, P. dubius, is distributed in rivers on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Kalimantan. The distributions of both species are most likely to be as relics, and are consistent with the location of Sundaland during the last Pleistocene glacial period. According to Bornbusch and Lundberg (1989), Sundaland was drained by several major river systems, at least 2 of which may have participated in faunal mixing. These included the South Indo-China River and North Sunda River which are now restricted to drainages on Indochina, and Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Kalimantan, respectively, following submergence of Sundaland owing to increased sea levels. The present distributional ranges of P. aquilonaris and P. dubius indicate that they evidently originated in the South Indo-China and North Sunda rivers, respectively.Habitat and Biology: Occurs on sandy or muddy bottoms in fresh-water rivers and estuaries. The species feeds on crustaceans, small fishes and benthic organisms. Gonad examinations (based on 12 specimens) of the species by the author revealed that the species should be considered as probably having separate sexes (hermaphroditism not present).Size: Maximum standard length at least 16 cm (Motomura, 2003a). Interest to Fisheries: Esteemed as a food fish at least along the Chao Phraya and Mekong rivers, and Lake Tonle Sap. The species has been often exported to Japan as an aquarium fish. Local Names: CAMBODIA: Trey pream sor; LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: Jin. Literature: Motomura (2003a). Remarks: Polynemus aquilonaris previously identified as P. dubius or P. longipectoralis (e.g. Rainboth, 1996; Kottelat, 2001), has recently been described as a new species by Motomura (2003a). Larger specimens (over about 110 mm standard length) of Polynemus aquilonaris collected from Lake Tonle Sap had a fleshy lip on the upper jaw, smaller specimens (less than about 100 mm standard length) from the lake and all those from other localities having a relatively thin lip. Apart from the lip condition in larger specimens, however, the 2 forms were difficult to distinguish between because their meristic characters and proportional measurements fully overlapped. Therefore, the difference in lip condition between the 2 forms is considered to represent geographical variation. More studies of the 2 forms of P. aquilonaris are needed to assess whether the 2 represent separate subspecies like P. melanochir dulcis and P. m. melanochir or not. Although P. aquilonaris is very similar to P. dubius, the former can be clearly distinguished from the latter by having higher counts of pored lateral-line scales and scale rows below the lateral line , and lower counts of gillrakers . Furthermore, P. aquilonaris differs from P. dubius in having a slightly higher second dorsal-fin soft ray counts (15 to 19 versus 14 to 16 in P. dubius) and lower pectoral-fin ray counts (15 to 17 versus 16 to 18). Diagnostic Features: A medium-sized species. Body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 23 to 28% (mean 24%) of standard length; head length 25 to 27% (mean 26%) of standard length. Snout pointed; occipital profile nearly straight. Posterior margin of maxilla extending well beyond level of posterior margin of adipose eyelid; upper-jaw length 11 to 13% (mean 11%) of standard length, approximately equal to caudal-peduncle depth ; depth of posterior margin of maxilla slightly greater than eye diameter ; lip on lower jaw well developed, dentary teeth restricted to dorsal surface; teeth villiform in broad bands on vomer, palatines and ectopterygoids. Posterior margin of preopercle serrated. First dorsal fin with VIII spines, all spine bases of similar thickness; second dorsal fin with I spine and 14 to 16 (mode 16) soft rays; anal fin with III spines and 12 soft rays, anal-fin base less than second dorsal-fin base; pectoral fin with 16 to 18 (mode 16) rays (all rays unbranched), its length 30 to 40% (mean 37%) of standard length, posterior tip just short of or extending slightly beyond level of anal-fin origin; pectoral filaments 7; first pectoral filament shortest, not reaching to level of posterior tip of pelvic fin; second pectoral filament extending slightly beyond or not reaching to level of posterior tip of pelvic fin; third pectoral filament extending beyond (rarely just short of) level of posterior tip of pelvic fin; fourth pectoral filament extending beyond level of anal-fin origin or level of posterior base of anal fin; fifth pectoral filament extending beyond level of posterior tips of caudal-fin lobes; sixth, usually longest, its length 264 to 312% (mean 293%) of standard length, and seventh pectoral filaments longer than other filaments, extending well beyond posterior tips of caudal-fin lobes; caudal fin deeply forked, upper and lower caudal-fin lobes not filamentous, upper caudal-fin lobe 35 to 50% (mean 42%) and lower lobe 33 to 47% (mean 39%) of standard length. Pored lateral-line scales 69 to 79 (mode 78); lateral line simple, extending from upper end of gill opening to mid-distal margin of caudal-fin membrane; scale rows above lateral line 6 to 8 (mode 7), below 12 or 13 (mode 13). Gillrakers 11 to 13 (mode 12) on upper limb, 18 to 21 (mode 18) on lower limb, 29 to 33 (mode 30) total. Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 15 caudal; supraneural bones 2. Swimbladder not apparent. Colour: (preserved specimens) Head and body grey dorsally, pale silver ventrally; anterior margin and posterior tip of first dorsal fin blackish, remaining parts yellowish silver; posterior margins of second dorsal, anal and caudal fins translucent, remaining parts pale yellow; pectoral fin and filaments translucent or white without melanophores; pelvic fin pale yellow. Geographical Distribution: Currently known from the Kangsar and Muar rivers (western Malaysia in Malay Peninsula), Musi and Batanghari rivers (southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia), and Sampit and Barito rivers (southern Kalimantan, Indonesia) (Fig. 139). Habitat and Biology: Occurs on sandy or muddy bottoms in fresh-water rivers and estuaries. Feeds on crustaceans, small fishes and benthic organisms. Size: Maximum standard length at least 18 cm (Motomura, 2003a). Interest to Fisheries: Unknown.Local Names: None known.Literature: Motomura (2003a).Remarks: P. dubius was described by Bleeker (1854) on the basis of Bleeker’s (1851a, 1852) descriptions of a species originally believed by him to represent P. longifilis (true P. longifilis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829b has recently been regarded as a junior synonym of P. paradiseus; see Motomura et al., 2002b). Although P. dubius has been regarded as a valid species (e.g. Kottelat et al., 1993; Randall and Lim, 2000), P. longipectoralis has also been regarded as a valid species by many researchers (e.g. Chevey, 1932; Kottelat, 1989, 2001; Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; Mishra and Krishnan, 1993), but without comparisons of each nominal species. Weber and de Beaufort (1922), Myers (1936) and Rainboth (1996) regarded both species as valid, the first-mentioned believing P. dubius and their new species, P. longipectoralis, to be distinguished by the number of lateral-line scales . The diagnostic characters (seven pectoral filaments, 8 spines in the first dorsal fin, 79 pored lateral-line scales, 13 scale rows below lateral line, vomer with villiform teeth and posterior portion of the maxilla less than orbit diameter) found in the holotype of P. longipectoralis are consistent with those of specimens of P. dubius. Therefore, P. longipectoralis is regarded as a junior synonym.Rainboth (1996) also distinguished between the 2 nominal species by the number of lateral-line scales (65-67 in P. dubius versus 80-85 in P. longipectoralis). However, his P. longipectoralis is in fact P. aquilonaris (see account of P. aquilonaris). Myers (1936) distinguished the 2 nominal species by the number of first dorsal-fin spines (7 in P. dubius versus 8 in P. longipectoralis). However, P. dubius, including the holotype of P. longipectoralis, in fact has 8 spines in the first dorsal fin. Polynemus hornadayi and P. paradiseus are the only polynemid species with 7 spines in the first dorsal fin.Polynemus dubius is easily distinguished from P. kapuasensis and P. multifilis by having 7 pectoral filaments (13 to 16 in the latter). Polynemus melanochir dulcis and P. m. melanochir lack villiform teeth on the vomer and have black pigmentation on (usually) more than half of the posterior margin of the pectoral fins, whereas P. dubius has villiform vomerine teeth and lacks black pigmentation on the pectoral fins. Furthermore, P. dubius differs from both of the above subspecies in having longer pectoral-fin rays and pectoral filaments . Comparisons of P. dubius with P. aquilonaris are given in the account of the latter. 有空我再慢慢翻译 
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-1 21:55:58编辑过]

chucacazzz 发表于 2007-8-1 13:03:00

啊错了，又查了下该是这个Polynemus multifilis 鉴别特征：该鱼为中型种。第一背翅与躯干连接点间长度占总长度的23－27 ％ (平均24 ％ )；
头长占体长的23－29 % (平均25 % )。吻尖；枕骨剖面近直或略微突起。上颌骨后缘远超出眼睑后侧；上颌长度占体长9－11 % (平均10 % )，
大约等于臀鳍至尾蒂长度[占体长11至12 % (平均11 % )]；上颌骨后缘长度[占体长 2－3 % (平均百分之二)]略小于眼直径[ 占体长3－4 % (平均3％) ]；唇裂下颚很发达，仅在后侧有齿；牙齿呈绒状分布在两边鼻梨骨上、上颚及ectopterygoids（不知道是什么）。前鳃盖后缘呈锯齿状。第一背鳍具八条鳍脊，各鳍脊厚度相当；第二背鳍具一条鳍脊与14－16条软条(模式15条 )；臀鳍具三鳍刺, 11－13条(模式12条)软条，臀鳍基部略短于第二背鳍基部；腹鳍为14至16条 (模式15条)软条(软条都不具分叉)，其长度为体长的33－38 % (平均36 % )，其后缘接近与背鳍后沿并随鱼体生长向后生长最终超过臀鳍前沿；胸鳍对称分布于鱼体两侧通常均具14鳍条，也有发现过13－13鳍条及13－14、14－15条的不对称分布；胸鳍第一鳍条最短，不超过腹鳍起点；第二至第六鳍条依次渐长但不超过腹鳍后沿；第七、八鳍条基本接近腹鳍后沿；第九鳍条向后延伸远超过腹鳍后沿并接近臀鳍前基点；第十胸鳍可接近臀鳍后基点；第十一鳍条延伸至尾基板但不到尾鳍基部处；第十二至十四鳍条（有时也存在第十五鳍条）均长于鱼体长度；其中第十二鳍条一般最长，可达体长的182－376 % (平均295 % )；尾鳍呈剪尾，深度分叉，上下尾翅不完全对称，上尾翅叶为体长的38－46 % (平均43 % ) ,下叶为32－41 % (平均38 % )。侧线鳞片数为83至99枚 ( 模式86) ；侧线单一，至鳃盖后沿起至尾鳍连接处末端，贯穿鱼体；侧线上鳞片数为7－8（模式8），下侧鳞片数为14－18岁(模式15) ；尾端鳞片数为28－37 (模式32)。鳃耙上分支9－11条（模式10），下分支15－17条（模式16），总数为24－27 (模式26)。椎骨尾前10枚，尾椎15枚；上神经骨2具鳔。颜色：头部和身体为紫色，背侧为暗蓝色，腹面为银色；第一与第二背鳍基部、
臀鳍及尾鳍为灰白色；腹鳍前沿为白色，其余部分呈半透明状；胸鳍为半透明，胸鳍条为白色细丝状。 地理分布：目前已知,分布于湄南河水域(泰国段)，Musi和Batanghari河水域(东南苏门答腊,印度尼西亚) 及桑皮特和巴里托河水域(南加里曼丹,印度尼西亚)。不分布于卡布瓦斯河(此处分布的是地方种P. kapuasensis，见图 149 )。 栖息地生态：淡水水域河流及湖泊的砂质或泥质底栖。主食甲壳类动物、小型鱼类及底栖生物。 大小：按最高标准长度至少<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="28" unitname="厘米">28厘米</chmetcnv>(Carpenter and Niem, 2001年)。 渔业：至少在湄南河沿岸被作为食用鱼。该品种一直被作为quarium fish出口到日本。 该种较难与Polynemus kapuasensis区分。
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-1 21:54:49编辑过]

雨魂XO 发表于 2007-8-1 18:03:00

娃！好专业！喜欢！

归仙人 发表于 2007-8-2 16:35:00

谢谢LZ的分享！

归仙人 发表于 2007-8-1 18:58:00

急请翻译高手!

chucacazzz 发表于 2007-8-1 21:21:00

只翻译了Polynemus multifilis的，翻译好后我会替换掉原有的英文部分

漫步雨中 发表于 2007-8-13 12:21:00

应该是猫科的,我以前养的电猫跟这很相似,但太小就被我养翘了!

福星高照 发表于 2007-8-24 00:07:00

鲶科鱼,偶只知道这个,那天偶在水世界也看到了,呵呵,好玩的东东

紫馨发表于 2007-9-18 12:02:00

第一张的角度很漂亮~~胸鳍那么长，真是飘逸啊

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Polynemus multifilis（翻译在2楼）